Gangs and violence: reasons for the state of emergency in Honduras

The emergency state in Honduras, in effect since December 2022, remains a subject of debate due to its prolongation and concerns regarding potential overreach of authority and infringement of human rights. This action was declared by President Xiomara Castro’s government with the expressed purpose of addressing criminal activity, particularly extortion and gang operations like those of Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Barrio 18. The enforcement of the emergency state has resulted in the suspension of some constitutional rights, permitting detentions without warrants and limiting movement freedom in several regions of the nation.

The state of emergency has been prolonged several times since it was first enacted. In January 2025, the duration was increased by 45 more days, affecting 226 of the nation’s 298 municipalities. While officials claim this measure is vital for battling crime, different groups have raised alarms about potential misuse and the absence of tangible outcomes.

Debate on effectiveness and human rights under the state of emergency

Entities like the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) have highlighted that the emergency situation endangers civil rights, calling on the Honduran government to ensure adherence to legal norms and prevent unnecessary limitations on basic liberties. The authorities have claimed a reduction in homicide cases and the breakup of criminal groups during the state of emergency. Nevertheless, accounts suggest that extortion and violence still impact the community. Moreover, there are recorded instances of misconduct by law enforcement, including arbitrary arrests and excessive force.

The extension of this measure has sparked a debate about its effectiveness and implications for human rights. While the executive branch maintains that the state of emergency is a necessary tool to combat crime, national and international organizations are calling for a review of its application and for guarantees that security measures do not compromise the fundamental freedoms of citizens.

Therefore, the emergency situation in Honduras is a disputed initiative aimed at addressing criminal violence, but it has ignited discussions regarding its efficiency, lawfulness, and adherence to human rights. The continuation of this extraordinary measure presents obstacles for the assurance of basic liberties and the strengthening of a democratic framework that safeguards both citizens’ security and their rights.