Plastic has become an integral part of our lives, present in food, furniture, clothing and our general environment. Despite the many advantages they offer, such as durability and versatility, their proliferation also creates serious problems for the environment. The plastic crisis has manifested itself in such a way that leaders have not yet achieved consensus on how to address it. Furthermore, the scientific community is starting to better understand the effects of plastic on our well-being.
Microplastics and nanoplastics, which are extremely small fragments of plastic, have found their way into many tissues of the human body, affecting vital organs such as the brain, reproductive systems and cardiovascular system. Dr. Leonardo Trasande, director of Environmental Pediatrics at New York University, has dedicated his career to investigating the impact of environmental exposure on these contaminants. In a recent conversation with Dr. Sanjay Gupta, I mentioned that exposure to plastic is more common than you think, pointing out that “we breathe plastic every day.” This includes cosmetic products that absorb into the body, so we have to accept plastic as a normal part of our lives, even if we shouldn't be that way.
Chemical compounds in plastic
Not only is plastic itself a problem; so do the additives that are introduced into its manufacture. These additives, which include phthalates, bisphenols and perfluoroalquiladas substances, are of concern due to their health effects. For example, food residue is commonly used in personal care products and food packaging, while bisphenols are found in blade coatings and thermal paper containers. These substances are not only leached into foods, but can also cause irritation and inflammation in the body.
The endocrine system, which regulates crucial functions such as metabolism and reproduction, is particularly affected by these compounds. Dr. Trasande emphasizes that the endocrine system is critical to the functioning of the body, as hormones act as messages that coordinate different bodily functions. Therefore, exposure to chemical endocrine disruptors can have significant health impacts.
Despite the concerns, the Consejo Estadoundense de Química defended the safe use of chemicals in industry, saying companies carry out exhaustive analyzes to assess risks. The Administration de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) has also indicated that, although there is evidence that microplastics are included in food delivery, the levels detected do not represent a compromised risk to human health.
Strategies to reduce exposure
To minimize exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics, Dr. Trasande suggests several practical strategies. First, it is recommended to avoid trapped foods, since, although many products have stopped using bisphenol A (BPA), this chemical is still found in a small percentage of pouches. Additionally, BPA substitutes, such as bisphenol S, could be equally harmful. When choosing among integrated products, it is recommended to opt for those that use safer coatings, such as natural resins.
It is also essential to avoid contact of plastic bags with heat and harsh cleaning products, as these conditions can release harmful chemicals. Many plastics labeled as microwave safe are not actually safe, and damage at the microscopic level can allow additives and plastic fragments to leach into foods.
Dr. Trasande recommends paying attention to the recycling numbers on the bags. Plastics marked with numbers 3 (PVC), 6 (polyester) and 7 (mezcla) are particularly concerning due to the risks of associated toxicity. In case you use plastic alone, it is recommended to opt for more resistant alternatives, such as glass or stainless steel.
Home maintenance and dust reduction
Home maintenance also plays an essential role in reducing exposure to microplastics. Regularly vacuuming with HEPA filters and using damp cloths can help eliminate dust that may contain these particles. Household dust is a significant vector for chemical contamination, as microplastics can accumulate from different sources, such as clothing and furniture treated with chemicals.
Future prospects
Despite the challenges that plastic presents, Dr. Trasande is optimistic about the future. Recognize that changing industry and consumer habits will take time, but also aim to have growth in demand for safer materials. Companies are starting to innovate and dispose of plastic, in response to a mayor with a public conscience about the associated risks.
The path to a life with less plastic is a gradual process. As research continues and awareness about wellbeing and the environment grows, it is vital that both consumers and businesses commit to adopting more sustainable practices. With a little common sense and collective effort, it is possible to move towards a healthier and plastic-free future.
